Techniques for performing mathematically and logically rigorous validation of decentralized applications (DApps) communicatively coupled to a distributed ledger are disclosed. A protocol for a business or enterprise process is encoded as a workflow on a label transition system as part of a DApp. Transitions are coded via an asynchronous Pi calculus or other process calculus. The rules engine validates transitions using the operations of the process calculus, or alternatively by performing mathematical and logical analyzes on the label transition system. Validation checks are initiated for both development time and runtime. In some embodiments, the logic behind the DApp consists of a set of predetermined components representing processes. In one particular embodiment, the predetermined set of components consists solely of an input component and an output component and, when configured, performs a transaction in which either one of the components receives or neither receives artifact representations from the other component. do.
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