Achievability estimates are calculated for intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) geometry 32, including target volume, risk organ (OAR), and at least one radiation beam. That is, a geometry comparing the number NT of beamlets of at least one radiation beam available in the IMRT geometry to illuminate the target volume with the number n of those beamlets that also pass through the OAR Chemical complexity (GC) metrics are calculated for the IMRT geometry. The GC metric ratio is calculated from the GC metrics on the IMRT geometry and the reference IMRT geometry that the IMRT design can achieve. If the clinician is satisfied with this estimate, an IMRT plan optimization 38 for the IMRT geometry 32 is performed. Alternatively, the reference IMRT geometry is selected by comparing the GC metric with the GC metric of the past IMRT plan.
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