Described herein a polycistronic expression cassettes and expression vectors that include a promoter operably linked to a nucleic acid segment that encodes a Sox2 and Klf4 polypeptide. The nucleic acid segment can also encode a c-Myc polypeptide. Expression of such polycistronic expression cassettes/vectors in host cells can reprogram the host cells to stem cells or other types of reprogrammed cells.
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