Threshold circuit for the simulation of the biological neurons

摘要

1,116,028. Neuron simulators. RADIO CORPORATION OF AMERICA. 22 May, 1967 [23 Aug., 1966], No. 23633/67. Heading G4G. [Also in Division H3]) A threshold circuit, more particularly for simulating neuron response, comprises a negative feedback amplifier arranged to produce no output for signals below a threshold, a step increase in output when the signals pass through the threshold and an analogue response, e.g. linear, logarithmic, to larger signals. In Fig. 2, D.C. simulated excitatory signals are fed to the emitter of transistor 22 and D.C. simulated inhibitory signals to the emitter of 24. Emitter resistor 40 is smaller than 38 so that the output of a difference amplifier 68 makes an emitter follower 74 conduct only if the sum of the excitatory inputs exceed the inhibitory inputs by a predetermined amount. The output rises stepwise with a small further increase but on reaching a further threshold determined by a diode 92 a negative feedback path becomes effective to reduce the gain and the output thereafter linearly follows an increasing input until the circuit saturates. A diode 80 provides temperature compensation. In Fig. 3 the threshold below which no output appears from an amplifier 102 is determined by a bias applied through resistors 114. Increase of the algebraic sum of the input signals through the threshold produce a sharp rise in output signals until the signal at point 122 exceeds negatively the bias applied by a diode 127 to a diode 124 whereupon the diode 124 becomes non-conducting and thus removes a shortcircuit in the feedback path. The output then follows the input until the feedback potential applied to the emitter 136 renders a transistor 132 conducting to provide such heavy feedback as to prevent further increase, this feedback also serving to maintain the input impedance low Transistor 132 may be replaced by a Zener diode 180. Triodes 148, 150 provide temperature compensation and 156 is a negative feedback output amplifier.