The invention relates to a method for detecting in vitro an erythromycin resistance factor in a sample such as human stool. It consists in bringing the nucleic acids contained in this sample into contact with a nucleotide probe containing at least a portion of the ereA gene isolated from the plasmid contained in the E.coli strain deposited with the Collection Nationale des Cultures de Microorganismes (National Collection of Microorganism Cultures) (CNCM) of the Pasteur Institute in Paris under No. I-454 on 5th June 1985.
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