The present invention relates to pleomorphic cells ('morphotes'), which exhibit morphologic and genetic characteristics of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including resemblance to prokaryotic cells at the unicellular level, and resemblance to eukaryotic cells at the multicellular level due to their ability to self-organize in vitro into multicellular, mammalian tissue-like patterns consisting of tissue-like sheets, capillary-like networks, and trabecular (spongy) bone-like structures. Morphotes have a number of applications in the diagnostic medical, therapeutic medical, biological, biomaterials, bionanotechnological, and industrial fields.
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