Procedure of biological treatment by nitrification / denitrification of an effluent that consists in passing said effluent in a biofilter of the ascending type of cultures fixed on a granular material provided in its base of oxygen supply means, characterized in that it consists in continuous aeration essentially the whole of said bed of granular material, in measuring on the treated effluent at least one parameter representative of the oxygen consumption of said fixed cultures, and in regulating the operation of said oxygen supply means based on the results of said measurement of said parameter and a setpoint value thereof, said procedure authorizing essentially simultaneous nitrification / denitrification of said effluent.
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