After forming a sawtooth, a square pyramid, a lens, or the like on a thin film transistor substrate or a color filter substrate of a vertical alignment liquid crystal display device, a vertical alignment layer is printed. The pattern is formed using an inorganic material that can be photographed, and the size of the pattern is about 10-20 μm. In this way, a vertically aligned liquid crystal display device having two-, four-, and cylindrical symmetry arrangements can be obtained by a pattern formed on the surface of the substrate without separate rubbing against the vertical alignment film. Such a pattern may be formed by a photolithography process or a stamping process.
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