METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL PRODUCTIVITY OF WINTER CEREAL SPIKE CROPS

摘要

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, forecasting of grain yield and quality, and evaluation of effectiveness of agronomical means and time.;SUBSTANCE: method involves optimizing time, seeding norms and sowing processes; establishing total average daily temperatures in the range of 550-650 C for period of 45-60 days from sowing time to termination of growing period; bringing formation of winter cereal crop plants in each tillering node to three-four stems to facilitate accumulation of sugar stock for enhancing resistance of plants to low temperatures within the range of from -18 C to -20 C during snow-free periods; establishing seeding norms for forming stem density of 500-600 pcs/m² on black earth soils; reducing number of plants to 300-450 pcs/m² in cultivation of winter cereals on chestnut soils; calculating hydrothermic coefficient (HTC) including precipitations for period with temperature above +10 C and total of temperatures exceeding 0 C on the basis of data issued by agrometeorological station for the same period; providing sowing during 10 day-term in soil temperature mode of from +18 C to +12 C; establishing planned productivity of winter cereal crops by calculations with the use of expression: y=k₁˙a˙x^-2+k₂˙Σt˙HTC˙b˙p₀˙x^-1+k₃˙b˙c^-1, where y is potential productivity of winter cereal crops, t/hectare; k₁=(1.5-3.0)˙1^-6 is proportionally coefficient including sort qualities of each seed in accumulation of grain weight, t˙days²/pcs; a is seeding norm, pcs of germinated seeds per 1 hectare; x is sowing time in days from beginning of recommended terms, days; k₂=(0.8-1.3)˙10^-3 is proportionality coefficient including the influence of temperature mode upon formation of plant root system during period of from sowing time to anabiosis time, t˙days/mm² hectare; Σt is actual total of temperatures above 0 C beginning from sowing time to termination of growing period, C; HTC is hydrothermic coefficient, mm/ C; b=(0.6-2.5) is dimensionless coefficient including soil and zone climatic conditions; p₀ is stock of available moisture in root layer, mm; k₃=(0.04-0.08) is proportionality coefficient including location of plants on field surface, t˙m/hectare; c is spacing width, m.;EFFECT: increased extent of forecasting of winter cereal crops in cultivation under risky agriculture conditions.;1 ex