A device and a method for controlling a gain of an optical amplifier and gain flattening are provided to extend a dynamic range in which a gain is automatically controlled, through a two-stage amplifier structure, and to obtain a gain and automatically control the gain at the same time by using WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing) signals input from the whole region of a C-band. A device for controlling a gain of an optical amplifier and gain flattening is composed of a first amplification unit(310) for amplifying a received optical signal and automatically controlling a gain through a feedback loop; a fixed gain flattening unit(320) for receiving the optical signal amplified in the first amplification unit and outputting the optical signal after changing a gain according to a wavelength; and a second amplification unit(330) for amplifying the optical signal output from the fixed gain flattening unit and automatically controlling a gain through the feedback loop.
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