An immunological assay for detecting and / or quantifying human MDA-modified LDL (malondialdehyde) and human OxLDL (oxidized LDL) in a sample obtained from body fluids or tissues of a human being, said assay comprising: (a) contacting the sample with a first antibody having an affinity of at least about 5 x 10 8 M- 1 for human MDA-modified LDL OxLDL and; and (b) then view and / or quantifying a binding reaction between the first antibody and the MDA-modified LDL OxLDL and present in the sample; wherein the MDA-modified LDL OxLDL and to which the first antibody has an affinity of at least about 5 x 10 August M- 1, containing at least 60 substituted lysine moieties per apo B-rest 100.
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