An apparatus and a method for controlling charging and discharging of a battery are provided to make a portable terminal smaller and thinner by calculating charging and discharging currents without an additional IC(Integrated Circuit) chip. An apparatus for controlling charging and discharging of a battery includes a battery(210) and a control unit. The battery includes terminals(213-217) for supplying information of charging and discharging of a terminal. The control unit calculates charging and discharging currents of the battery by using the information supplied through the terminals and controls charging and discharging operation according to the calculated charging and discharging currents. The terminals are composed of first and second terminals connected to both ends of an internal resistor(302) of the battery.
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