PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an authentication method of a player and a musical instrument by which the musical instrument which is outputting musical performance information and the propriety of the player of the musical instrument are confirmed and to provide a musical instrument and to provide a control method of the instrument. SOLUTION: In a keyboard musical instrument, MIDI(musical instruments digital interface) data of a prescribed playing portion are extracted from the MIDI data corresponding to the playing of a player (a step S1) and the propriety of the player is confirmed by comparing the extracted MIDI data to the MIDI data which are beforehand held (a step S2). When the player is authenticated, the keyboard musical instrument receives random numbers generated by an authentication server and ciphers the random numbers (steps S4 and S5). When a musical performance is started by the player, authentication information including the ciphered random numbers is continuously buried into the corresponding MIDI data and the data are transmitted to the server.
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