A method of and apparatus for updating decoding information are provided. A method of transmitting media data includes generating a media stream including one or more media data items, one or more decoding information of the media stream, and information for arranging updating of the decoding information; and transmitting the media stream, the one or more decoding information item of the media stream, and the information for arranging updating of the decoding information, in which the one or more media data items have decoding information that are different from each other. According to the method and apparatus, the amount of data to be processed and the complexity of data processing can be reduced, thereby reducing an encoding time and a media data processing time in a decoder.
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