Highly Sensitive and Selective Nano-Structured Grafted Polymer Layers

摘要

In one embodiment, a method of modifying a surface of a substrate includes activating the surface of the substrate, and polymerizing the surface of the substrate. The polymerizing including subjecting the surface of the substrate to a monomer solution at a temperature of between 105° C. and 130° C. for a first period of time and subjecting the surface of the substrate to the monomer solution at a temperature of between 70° C. and 90° C. for a second period of time different than the first period of time. In another embodiment, a method of modifying a surface of a substrate includes activating the surface of the substrate, and graft polymerizing a vinyl monomer onto the surface of the substrate. The polymerizing including subjecting the surface of the substrate to a mixture including a monomer solution and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy at a concentration of between 5 and 20 mM. In another embodiment, an apparatus includes a substrate having a surface. The surface has a set of polymers terminally graphed thereon. The apparatus being configured to sorb a chemical solute. The terminally grafter polymer layer being formed on the surface of the substrate by a controlled graft polymerization process.