A minimal reciprocal structure interferential all-fiber-optic gyroscope is provided, which belongs to the technical field of optical fiber sensing. The gyroscope comprises: a polarization light source (21), a detecting unit (22), a light source coupler (23), a optical ring coupler (24) and a polarization maintaining fiber-optic coil (25), wherein the port ①of the light source coupler (23) is connected with the output end of the polarization light source (21) in alignment, the other port at the same side of the light source coupler (23) as the port ①is connected with the detecting unit (22), the port ③at the other side of the light source coupler (23) is connected with the optical ring coupler (24) in alignment, and the optical ring coupler (24) is connected with the polarization maintaining fiber-optic coil (25) in alignment. The light source coupler (23) has splitting effect on the inputted polarization light and has polarization effect only on a light signal transmitted through a throughput arm, and the port ①and the port ③are two ports on one throughput arm of the light source coupler (23). Compared with the prior art, the invention saves costs, reduces optical path loss, and further improves the accuracy and stability of the gyroscope.
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