A method for identifying and interpreting a three-dimensional structure of an ancient karst reservoir layer of a carbonate rock. The method comprises the following steps: summarizing a conventional well logging response characteristic of a cave growing segment according to a cave growing segment with a specified rock core and electric imaging well logging data; establishing an identification graph plate by preferably selecting a cave sensitive well logging parameter by using a well logging parameter intersection method; establishing a cave identification function by using a multi-parameter normalization weighting method; and obtaining a three-dimensional space growing position of an ancient karst reservoir layer.
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