Diesel engines are widely used in transportation, agriculture, electrical power generation, and civil construction sectors due to its high efficiency and high torque. However, these engines emit high levels of particulate matter (PM) emissions due to combustion of heterogeneous air fuel mixture. Degree of homogeneity in air-fuel mixing strongly depends on the fuel injector design. From the available literature, a clear conclusion emerged that the injector design could have significant effect on the main three distinct processes of atomization, vaporization, and mixing of fuel with air. Many attempts have been made by researchers to produce homogeneous mixture in diesel engines through injector as well as piston head design modifications. In this context, the present work is related to the development of a new kind of diesel fuel injector, which enhances the degree of homogeneity in fuel air mixture within the span of available time. The developed injector has multiple through holes with optimized curvature in nozzle tip. The injector designed in such a way that it allows the nozzle tip to swirl about injectors axis. automatically due to highly pressurized fuel. This automatic swirl action boosts up the atomization and mixing of diesel fuel with air, which subsequently enhances degree of homogeneity significantly. Combustion of the homogeneous air fuel mixture results in substantial reduction in PM emission along with the benefit of enhanced combustion efficiency and thermal efficiency of the engine. The results obtained - from this novel work shows that the SMD (sauter mean diameter) of fuel decreased to the range below 5 micro meters which indicates superior atomization of the fuel injected.
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