The present invention provides an aqueous emulsion composition having excellent heat resistance, water resistance, hot water resistance, boiling water resistance, and viscosity stability, and also having excellent discoloration resistance. The present invention pertains to an aqueous emulsion composition containing an aqueous emulsion (D) and a cyclic acid anhydride (E), wherein the aqueous emulsion (D) contains a polymer (X) having an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (B), a polyvinyl alcohol resin (A), and water, and at least the polyvinyl alcohol resin (A) or the polymer (X) has, in the main chain thereof, a structural unit derived from a monomer (C) represented by formula (I), (II), (III), or (IV).
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