An oblique incidence, prism-incident, silicon-based, immersion microchannel-based measurement device related to one example of the present invention may comprise: a microchannel structure having a support, a substrate formed, from a semiconductor or a dielectric material, on the support, a cover part having a prism structure and installed on the support, and a microchannel formed in the upper portion of the support or the lower portion of the cover part; a sample injection part for injecting a buffer solution containing a sample of a biomaterial into the microchannel so as to form, on the substrate, an adsorption layer of the sample; a polarized light generation part which radiates, through an incident surface of the prism, polarized incident light onto the adsorption layer at an incident angle meeting a P-wave antireflection condition; and a polarized light detection part to which first reflected light, reflected from the adsorption layer and/or the substrate, is incident, having passed through a reflective surface of the prism, and which detects the change in polarization of the first reflected light.
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