An SOFC system thermo-electric coordinated control method on the basis of a fractional order sliding mode variable structure, comprising the following steps: S1, collecting system states and output parameters of the SOFC system under different input parameter combinations to obtain an influence function of a full-load interval steady-state power, a temperature, efficiency response characteristics and a by-pass valve opening BP on efficiency optimization, and an efficiency optimization function in specified load switching interval and under a time delay condition; S2, obtaining a local optimal steady-state operation function of the system, and carrying out expansion to form a global optimization function in a steady state, and a power tracking function in different load switching intervals and under different time delay conditions; S3, calculating a sliding mode interval; S4, calculating a series of reaching law functions by means of function optimization; and S5, eliminating chattering in the series of reaching law functions by means of a fractional order optimization, and solving the reaching law by means of calculation. The method is accurate, flexible and stable, can greatly accelerate the switching process, overcome the time delay characteristic of the SOFC system which has significant inertia, and achieve rapid load switching.
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