A method of preparing a metal-organic framework nanosheet is provided. The method includes providing a mixture comprising a metal precursor, a ligand, and a surfactant by at least substantially dissolving the metal precursor, the ligand, and the surfactant in a suitable solvent, and heating the mixture to obtain the metal-organic framework nanosheet. A metal-organic framework nanosheet, methods of preparing a metal-organic framework membrane and a composite material, and applications of the nanosheet and/or membrane in sensing and separation are also provided.
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