Disclosed in the present application are an adaptive allocation adjustment method and apparatus for an air interface resource of a narrowband system. The method comprises the following steps: a base station allocates a virtual physical channel to each physical channel of a narrowband system, the virtual physical channel being a virtual physical channel that can only transmit a fixed packet length, use a fixed modulation mode, use a fixed transmission code rate and use a fixed channel coding mode; and the base station broadcasts, to a user equipment, the virtual physical channel allocated to each physical channel, so that the user equipment determines a physical channel by itself and sends a data packet according to the virtual physical channel allocated to the physical channel. The technical solution provided in the present application has the advantage of lower system overheads.
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