METHOD OF FORMING HYDRAULIC CURTAIN (EMBODIMENTS), METHOD OF PROTECTING FISH FROM INGRESS INTO WATER INTAKE (EMBODIMENTS), METHOD OF ANTIFOULING PROTECTION (EMBODIMENTS), FISH-PROTECTION DEVICE, COMPLEX FISH-PROTECTIVE DEVICE (EMBODIMENTS), PROTECTIVE ELEMENT

摘要

FIELD: machine building.SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to hydraulic engineering. Variants of the method for formation of a hydraulic curtain, protection of fish against ingress into water intake and a method of protection against fouling, in which a jet flow, which flows from outlets and/or nozzles of a flow-forming agent, or flat jet/jet, formed by ejection device, forms a hydraulic curtain in water intake hole/holes, or in water intake in front of water intake hole/holes, or in water intake chamber behind water intake hole/holes so that hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers water intake hole/holes or flow part of water intake in front of water intake hole/holes or behind them/and enters water intake chamber. Jet flow flowing from outlets and/or nozzles of flow-forming agent, or flat jet/jet, formed by ejection device, can differ in chemical composition and/or temperature from ambient liquid. Fish-protection device includes at least one flow-forming device with outlets and/or nozzles and/or at least one ejection device with outlets and/or nozzles. Number of rows of outlets and/or nozzles in each separate flow-forming device and/or ejector device ranges from one or more. Number of outlets and/or nozzles in each separate row makes one or more. Outlets and/or nozzles are installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to each other and can have identical or different installation pitch. Inclination angle of outlets and/or nozzles to plane of inlet cross-section of water intake is from 0° up to 360°. Fluid can flow from outlets and/or nozzles of flux former and/or ejection device, which can differ in chemical composition and/or temperature from surrounding liquid, or a mixture consisting of air or gas and liquid. Jet flow flowing from outlets and/or nozzles of the flow-forming agent and/or a flat jet/jet formed by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain as described in the above versions of the method. Device may additionally contain at least one water-permeable screen to form complex fish-protective device. Water-permeable screen is installed in water intake hole/holes, or in water intake in front of water intake hole/holes, or in water intake chamber behind water intake hole/holes. Flow-forming agent and/or ejector device is installed behind water intake hole/holes, before water-permeable screen, or in water-permeable screen, or behind it. Jet flow, flowing from outlets and/or flow forming nozzles, and/or flat jet/jet, formed by ejection device, forms a hydraulic curtain as described above. Water-permeable screen consists of elements and is made single-loop or double-circuit, single row, two-row or multi-row. Number of elements in the water-permeable screen is equal to one or more. Elements can be assembled into cassette. Number of cartridges in the water-permeable screen is equal to one or more. Each separate cartridge is installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to the water intake opening inlet section plane. Cartridge is single-row, double-row or multi-row, single- circuit or double-circuit. Number of elements in one cassette is one or more. Angle of installation of each separate element to plane of inlet cross-section of water intake hole is from 0° up to 360°. Separate elements are installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to each other and have the same or different installation pitch. Each separate element is made in the form of a plate, or bar, or webs of mesh or perforated. Separate elements in the water-permeable screen and/or separate elements in the same cartridge, and/or separate cartridges in the water-permeable screen can be made from the same or different materials, including having different stationary potentials, and can be isolated from each other and/or from the frame using insulators. On water-permeable screen, or on one element and/or one cassette of water-permeable screen, or on separate elements and/or cassettes of water-permeable screen, or on all elements and/or cassettes of the water-permeable screen, or on all or separate rows of elements and/or cassettes of the water-permeable screen, or electric current can be supplied to preset group/group of elements and/or cartridge of water permeable screen to create electric field. Device may additionally contain at least one flow-forming element to form complex fish-protection device. Streaming agent and/or ejector device is installed as described above. Jet flow flowing from outlets and/or nozzles of the flow-forming agent and/or flat jet/jet generated by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain as described in the versions of the method. Flow forming element is installed in water intake hole/holes, or in water intake in front of water intake hole/holes, or in water intake chamber behind water intake hole/holes, or jet flow of flow-forming device and/or ejection device. Number of flow-forming elements makes from one and more. Each separate flow-forming element is installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to the water intake open