METHOD OF FORMING HYDRAULIC CURTAIN (EMBODIMENTS), METHOD OF PROTECTING FISH FROM INGRESS INTO WATER INTAKE (EMBODIMENTS), METHOD OF ANTIFOULING PROTECTION (EMBODIMENTS), FISH-PROTECTION DEVICE, COMPLEX FISH-PROTECTIVE DEVICE (EMBODIMENTS), PROTECTIVE ELEMENT

摘要

FIELD: machine building.;SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to hydraulic engineering. Variants of the method for formation of a hydraulic curtain, protection of fish against ingress into water intake and a method of protection against fouling, in which a jet flow, which flows from outlets and/or nozzles of a flow-forming agent, or flat jet/jet, formed by ejection device, forms a hydraulic curtain in water intake hole/holes, or in water intake in front of water intake hole/holes, or in water intake chamber behind water intake hole/holes so that hydraulic curtain completely or partially covers water intake hole/holes or flow part of water intake in front of water intake hole/holes or behind them/and enters water intake chamber. Jet flow flowing from outlets and/or nozzles of flow-forming agent, or flat jet/jet, formed by ejection device, can differ in chemical composition and/or temperature from ambient liquid. Fish-protection device includes at least one flow-forming device with outlets and/or nozzles and/or at least one ejection device with outlets and/or nozzles. Number of rows of outlets and/or nozzles in each separate flow-forming device and/or ejector device ranges from one or more. Number of outlets and/or nozzles in each separate row makes one or more. Outlets and/or nozzles are installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to each other and can have identical or different installation pitch. Inclination angle of outlets and/or nozzles to plane of inlet cross-section of water intake is from 0° up to 360°. Fluid can flow from outlets and/or nozzles of flux former and/or ejection device, which can differ in chemical composition and/or temperature from surrounding liquid, or a mixture consisting of air or gas and liquid. Jet flow flowing from outlets and/or nozzles of the flow-forming agent and/or a flat jet/jet formed by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain as described in the above versions of the method. Device may additionally contain at least one water-permeable screen to form complex fish-protective device. Water-permeable screen is installed in water intake hole/holes, or in water intake in front of water intake hole/holes, or in water intake chamber behind water intake hole/holes. Flow-forming agent and/or ejector device is installed behind water intake hole/holes, before water-permeable screen, or in water-permeable screen, or behind it. Jet flow, flowing from outlets and/or flow forming nozzles, and/or flat jet/jet, formed by ejection device, forms a hydraulic curtain as described above. Water-permeable screen consists of elements and is made single-loop or double-circuit, single row, two-row or multi-row. Number of elements in the water-permeable screen is equal to one or more. Elements can be assembled into cassette. Number of cartridges in the water-permeable screen is equal to one or more. Each separate cartridge is installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to the water intake opening inlet section plane. Cartridge is single-row, double-row or multi-row, single- circuit or double-circuit. Number of elements in one cassette is one or more. Angle of installation of each separate element to plane of inlet cross-section of water intake hole is from 0° up to 360°. Separate elements are installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to each other and have the same or different installation pitch. Each separate element is made in the form of a plate, or bar, or webs of mesh or perforated. Separate elements in the water-permeable screen and/or separate elements in the same cartridge, and/or separate cartridges in the water-permeable screen can be made from the same or different materials, including having different stationary potentials, and can be isolated from each other and/or from the frame using insulators. On water-permeable screen, or on one element and/or one cassette of water-permeable screen, or on separate elements and/or cassettes of water-permeable screen, or on all elements and/or cassettes of the water-permeable screen, or on all or separate rows of elements and/or cassettes of the water-permeable screen, or electric current can be supplied to preset group/group of elements and/or cartridge of water permeable screen to create electric field. Device may additionally contain at least one flow-forming element to form complex fish-protection device. Streaming agent and/or ejector device is installed as described above. Jet flow flowing from outlets and/or nozzles of the flow-forming agent and/or flat jet/jet generated by the ejection device forms a hydraulic curtain as described in the versions of the method. Flow forming element is installed in water intake hole/holes, or in water intake in front of water intake hole/holes, or in water intake chamber behind water intake hole/holes, or jet flow of flow-forming device and/or ejection device. Number of flow-forming elements makes from one and more. Each separate flow-forming element is installed at angle from 0° up to 360° to the water intake opening inlet section plane. Integrated fish-protection device includes at least one flow-forming device with outlets and/or nozzles and/or at least one ejection device with outlets and/or nozzles, at least one water-permeable screen and at least one flow-forming element disclosed above. Jet flow, flowing from outlets and/or flow forming nozzles, and/or flat jet/jet, formed by ejection device, forms a hydraulic curtain as described above. Protective element is made in the form of plate or casing installed relative to outlets and/or nozzles of flux former and/or ejection device so, to prevent ingress of fish and garbage into initial portion of jet at outlet of jet from nozzle and/or flow forming device nozzle and/or ejection device, to prevent fish contact with jet at its initial section, providing protection of flow-forming device and/or ejection device and its outlets and/or nozzles from external mechanical damage and/or providing ejection into the initial section of liquid jet from water source and/or water intake chamber. Method of protecting fish from ingress into water intake, wherein in order to prevent ingress of fish through areas unprotected by a hydraulic curtain formed by a jet flow, flowing from outlets and/or flow forming nozzles, and/or by flat jet/jets formed by ejection device, flow-forming device and/or ejection device is installed at distance from water intake, distance from flow-forming device and/or ejection device to water intake is selected depending on pitch t of nozzle head and/or flow forming nozzle and/or ejection device and must be greater than or equal to distance from nozzle outlet cross-section and/or fluxing agent and/or ejection device nozzles to flow section at jets merging into hydraulic curtain, that is , where t is distance between outlets and/or nozzles or step of outlets and/or nozzles; d₀ - diameter or width of outlet cross-section of nozzle and/or nozzle of flow-forming device or outlet section of ejection device; α is jet opening angle; wherein speed on jet axis in flow section at junction of jets, u_m, is determined by formula , where k - empirical coefficient; u_o is flow rate of jet from nozzle and/or nozzle of flux former and/or ejection device.;EFFECT: localized action of jet flow and prevention of jet flow movement beyond limits of action of water intake, water intake structure, as well as reducing the volume of water supplied to the flow-forming agent, reducing the negative impact on the environment, providing protection of fish, preventing water ingress of fish, garbage, ice, slush, reduced degree of biological fouling of structures of device, equipment and elements of water intake of hydraulic structure.;14 cl, 25 dwg