The present application relates to the technical field of comprehensive energy system operations and controls, and relates to a moving horizon estimation theory-based method for the operation parameter estimation during the dynamic adjustment of a heat supply network. The method comprises: creating a discrete differential format of the state amount of internal temperature of a pipeline of a heat supply network; performing parameter estimation on the heat supply network operated during medium adjustment on the basis of a moving horizon estimation theory; creating a target function for parameter estimation, creating a constraint condition for the dynamic operation of the heat supply network; and solving the parameter estimation result using the MATLAB optimization toolbox. The present application takes hydrodynamic operating conditions and thermodynamic operating conditions in a water supply and return network simultaneously, satisfies the requirements of an electric-thermal coupling network energy management system and a scheduling management system on the controllability and mobility of a thermodynamic system, and well solves the problem of parameter estimation during the dynamic operation of a heat supply network so as to obtain an estimated value which indicates an accurate real network parameter.
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