The present invention relates to a biological reactor used in the sanitation sector for treating sanitary sewage and industrial wastewater. The solution proposed in the present invention is to couple two distinct treatment processes (anaerobic and aerobic) in a single fixed bed reactor. The aim of the invention is to provide for the construction of sewage or industrial wastewater treatment plants that are very compact and are capable of achieving high treatment efficiency requiring a small area for installation. In addition, due to the combination of anaerobic and aerobic fixed bed processes in a single reactor, the system consumes less energy for aeration and generates less sludge, thereby considerably reducing the operating costs of the treatment plant.
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