An environment-friendly neurosurgical skin preparation scalpel, comprising a shaving part (1) and a handheld part (2), wherein the shaving part (1) is fixedly mounted on an upper end of the handheld part (2). A top wall of a housing (3) is of an arc structure so that the skin of a patient can be prevented from being injured; the scalpel is safe and reliable, a blade (18) can retract into the housing (3) by means of cooperation of an operation handle (13) and a threaded rod (15) when the scalpel is not in use, and the blade (18) can be effectively prevented from injuring the patient or a medical worker by accident; the skin preparation scalpel can be prevented from sliding off to be damaged, and at the same time, the accident that the patient is scratched as the medical worker does not firmly grip the skin preparation scalpel is avoided; the skin preparation scalpel has a lubricant smearing function, so that the trouble that the medical worker has to additionally use a lubricant smearing tool is omitted; a prepared lubricant not only has a good lubricating effect, but also has an anti-microbial effect, so that the preserved skin of the patient after operation is effectively prevented from being affected; and a prepared protection layer can prevent the surface of the housing (3) from being stained with bacteria and hair.
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