This vehicle detection device (106) is provided with: a position calculation unit (161) which, on the basis of the direction of radio waves as detected by a direction detection unit (163), estimates the transmission position on a target lane, assuming that the radio waves detected by the direction detection unit (163) have been transmitted from the target lane, wherein the direction detection unit (163) detects the direction of arrival of radio waves received from an in-vehicle device; a traveling direction detection unit (163) which detects a traveling direction on the basis of a plurality of transmission positions estimated by the position calculation unit (161); and a lane determination unit (164) which, on the basis of the traveling direction detected by the traveling direction detection unit (163), determines whether the vehicle which has transmitted the radio waves is a vehicle traveling in the target lane.
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