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Computational Aspects of Strategic Behaviour in Elections with Top-Truncated Ballots

机译:截短选票的选举中战略行为的计算方面

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摘要

Understanding when and how computational complexity can be used to protect elections against different manipulative actions has been a highly active research area over the past two decades. Much of this literature, however, makes the assumption that the voters or agents specify a complete preference ordering over the set of candidates. There are many multiagent systems applications, and even real-world elections, where this assumption is not warranted, and this in turn raises a series of questions on the impact of partial voting on the complexity of manipulative actions. In this thesis, we focus on two of these questions. First, we address the question of how hard it is to manipulate elections when the agents specify only top-truncated ballots. Here, in particular, we look at the weighted manipulation problem---both constructive and destructive manipulation---when the voters are allowed to specify top-truncated ballots, and we provide general results for all scoring rules, for elimination versions of all scoring rules, for the plurality with runoff rule, for a family of election systems known as Copeland^α, and for the maximin protocol. Subsequently, we also look at the impact on complexity of manipulation when there is uncertainty about the non-manipulators' votes. The second question we address is the question on what the impact of top-truncated voting is on the complexity of manipulative actions in electorates with structured preference profiles. In particular, we consider electorates that are single-peaked or nearly single-peaked and we show how, for many voting protocols, allowing top-truncated voting reimposes the NP-hardness shields that normally vanish in such electorates.
机译:在过去的二十年中,了解何时以及如何使用计算复杂性来保护选举免受不同的操纵行为是一个非常活跃的研究领域。但是,许多文献都假设选民或代理人对候选人集合指定了完整的偏好排序。有许多多主体系统应用程序,甚至是现实世界中的选举,在这种情况下都无法保证这一假设,这反过来引发了一系列问题,涉及部分投票对操纵行为的复杂性的影响。在本文中,我们重点关注其中两个问题。首先,我们解决一个问题,即当特工仅指定截断的选票时,操纵选举有多困难。特别是在这里,我们探讨了加权操纵问题(建设性操纵和破坏性操纵),当选民被允许指定最高截断的选票时,我们提供了所有计分规则的一般结果,所有消除规则的结果计分规则,对于具有径流规则的复数规则,对于称为Copeland ^α的选举系统家族,以及对maximin协议。随后,当非操纵者的投票存在不确定性时,我们还将研究对操纵复杂性的影响。我们要解决的第二个问题是,在具有结构化偏好配置文件的选民中,截断投票的影响如何影响操纵行为的复杂性。特别是,我们考虑了单峰或接近单峰的选民,并且我们展示了在许多投票协议中,允许被截断的投票如何重新构成通常在此类选民中消失的NP硬度屏蔽。

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    Menon Vijay;

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  • 年度 2016
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