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GENDER, ETHNICITY, AND PLACE Contextualizing Gender and Social Background to the Private and Public livelihoods of African women in the Diaspora (Case study - Gothenburg, Sweden).

机译：性别，民族和地方将性别和社会背景与散居的非洲妇女的私人和公共生计情境化（案例研究 - 瑞典哥德堡）。

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Human beings in all societies are attributed to a gender that supposedly has/has not certain properties and with high identity-forming significance for the individual. Critical debates show that the magnitude and effect of gender symbolic construction, articulation as well as its dissemination differs for different groups of women depending on society and history. It is not uncommon that conflicts among women of some social backgrounds point to the careful adherence to culturally defined norms as the best guarantee for women’s fulfillment rather than doing different. This study adopts a feminist social work perspective to explore and explain how the gender division of roles affect the status and position of a group of Sub Saharan African women (living in Gothenburg), both within their families as well as their general participation in the Swedish society. The study thus seeks to examine the gendered division of roles in African households with a particular focus on women’s roles; the factors that engender women’s roles; the impact of gender roles on the status and position of women within their families; as well as on women’s participation in the Swedish society. The findings derived from interviews (with African women and professional Social workers); critical reviews of literature; as well as expert observations; reveal evidence of doing gender among these African women. Women dominate in roles such as care, nurturance, monitoring households and, supporting their spouses. All such roles culminate from socialization, institutional factors, as well as contingent on the context. The impact of such gender roles on women’s status and positions varied depending on marital status and parental responsibility. Thus within families, women command significant autonomy and independence. Gender roles only had a limited effect to women’s participation in the Swedish society compared to contextual effects that is, the political was more significant than the personal. The study thus concludes that the women’s descriptions of their roles do not manifest pertinent progress towards gender equality and/or equity, but rather good gender relations; whereas their perceived autonomy and independence exhibit spousal autonomy under overarching male superiorities. General conclusions pertaining to women’s participation in the Swedish society drawn from the evidence of women’s reasonable educational attainments, yet without matching levels of career mobility - coupled with state measures developed and planned from a sorry based perspective, the study argues for the adoption of a development strategy that can enhance women’s position; or that can promote their ability to participate fully with men as agents of development and change.

机译：在所有社会中，人类都归因于一种据认为具有/不具有某些特性并且对个人具有高度认同形成意义的性别。激烈的辩论表明，根据社会和历史的不同，不同性别的女性对性别象征的建构，表达及其传播的程度和效果也有所不同。某些社会背景下的女性之间的冲突常常表明，认真遵守文化定义的规范是实现女性成就而不是有所作为的最佳保证，这并不少见。这项研究从女性主义社会工作的角度出发，探索和解释了角色的性别划分如何影响其撒哈拉以南非洲妇女群体（居住在哥德堡）的地位和地位，包括其家庭内部以及她们在瑞典的普遍参与情况社会。因此，该研究旨在研究非洲家庭中按性别划分的角色，特别侧重于妇女的角色；影响女性角色的因素；性别角色对妇女在家庭中的地位和地位的影响；以及妇女参与瑞典社会的情况。调查结果来自（与非洲妇女和专业社会工作者的）访谈；对文学的批判性评论；以及专家的意见；揭示了在这些非洲妇女中进行性别歧视的证据。妇女在护理，养育，监视家庭以及抚养配偶等方面起着主导作用。所有这些角色最终都来自社会化，体制因素以及具体情况。这种性别角色对妇女地位和地位的影响因婚姻状况和父母责任而异。因此，在家庭中，妇女拥有很大的自主权和独立性。与环境影响相比，性别角色仅对妇女参与瑞典社会的影响有限，即政治影响大于个人影响。因此，研究得出的结论是，妇女对自己角色的描述并没有表明在实现性别平等和/或平等方面取得了适当的进展，而是在良好的性别关系方面；而他们认为的自主权和独立性则表现出在男性优势下的配偶自主权。该研究认为，妇女在瑞典社会中的参与情况的一般结论是从妇女的合理教育水平的证据中得出的，但没有达到职业流动水平的要求，再加上从令人遗憾的角度出发制定和计划的国家措施，这项研究主张采取一项发展措施。可以提高妇女地位的战略；或可以提高他们与男人充分参与发展和变革的力量。

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Mwenyango Hadijah;
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年度 2012
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GENDER, ETHNICITY, AND PLACE Contextualizing Gender and Social Background to the Private and Public livelihoods of African women in the Diaspora (Case study - Gothenburg, Sweden).

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