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An animal-to-human scaling law for blast-induced traumatic brain injury risk assessment

机译:用于爆炸诱发的创伤性脑损伤风险评估的动物对人类定标法

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摘要

Despite recent efforts to understand blast effects on the human brain, there are still no widely accepted injury criteria for humans. Recent animal studies have resulted in important advances in the understanding of brain injury due to intense dynamic loads. However, the applicability of animal brain injury results to humans remains uncertain. Here, we use advanced computational models to derive a scaling law relating blast wave intensity to the mechanical response of brain tissue across species. Detailed simulations of blast effects on the brain are conducted for different mammals using image-based biofidelic models. The intensity of the stress waves computed for different external blast conditions is compared across species. It is found that mass scaling, which successfully estimates blast tolerance of the thorax, fails to capture the brain mechanical response to blast across mammals. Instead, we show that an appropriate scaling variable must account for the mass of protective tissues relative to the brain, as well as their acoustic impedance. Peak stresses transmitted to the brain tissue by the blast are then shown to be a power function of the scaling parameter for a range of blast conditions relevant to TBI. In particular, it is found that human brain vulnerability to blast is higher than for any other mammalian species, which is in distinct contrast to previously proposed scaling laws based on body or brain mass. An application of the scaling law to recent experiments on rabbits furnishes the first physics-based injury estimate for blast-induced TBI in humans.
机译:尽管最近作出了努力以了解爆炸对人脑的影响,但仍没有被广泛接受的对人的伤害标准。最近的动物研究在理解由于强烈的动态负荷导致的脑损伤方面取得了重要进展。然而,动物脑损伤结果对人类的适用性仍然不确定。在这里,我们使用先进的计算模型来推导将爆炸波强度与跨物种的脑组织的机械反应相关的缩放定律。使用基于图像的生物理想模型对不同的哺乳动物进行了爆炸对大脑的影响的详细模拟。比较了不同物种在不同爆炸条件下计算出的应力波强度。发现成功地估计了胸部的爆炸耐受性的质量标度不能捕获整个哺乳动物对爆炸的大脑机械反应。取而代之的是,我们表明适当的缩放变量必须考虑到相对于大脑的保护组织的质量及其声阻抗。通过爆炸传递到脑组织的峰值应力随后显示为与TBI相关的一系列冲击条件下缩放参数的幂函数。特别是,发现人脑对爆炸的脆弱性高于任何其他哺乳动物,这与先前提出的基于身体或大脑质量的缩放定律形成鲜明对比。比例定律在兔的最新实验中的应用为人类爆炸诱导的TBI提供了第一个基于物理学的损伤估计。

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