Technical capabilities for improved communication, surveillance, and navigation (CNS) over theoceans are currently available. However, all aircraft operators will not equip simultaneouslybecause of the high costs required. Consequently, as these CNS systems are integrated intooceanic air transportation architecture, the controller will have to manage the current lowfrequency surveillance and communication paths in parallel with future enhanced CNS. Thecognitive effects of the mixed equipage environment were studied through field studies andexperimental analysis.
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