A lateral earth pressure problem on the retaining wall has been of great interest for the civil engineer since Coulomb published his wedge theory in 1776. Subsequently Rankine's plastic thoery was published in 1857. In the present century, the great difference between those classical theories and observed earth pressures has been clarified gradually by the experimental efforts of many investigators, i. e : Terzaghi (1920, 1934), Tshevotallioff et al (1953), Rowe and Perker (1965), James and Bransby (1970) and Matsuo et al (1978). So the development of a new theoretical analysis has been expected. But there are some difficulties in the theoretical analysis. The major difficulties is an expression for the mechanical model of the discontinuity of the boundary plane between the wall and the backfill. And another difficulty is an expression for the stress strain relationship of the material of backfill. From this point of view, a finite element analysis considering the discontinuity of the boundary plane and adopting anisotropic elasto-plastic model for the backfill is proposed. And the retaining wall problems (the earth pressures due to both the mode of wall movement and the backfill) are analysed. The results of the calculation are compared with the observed earth pressures reported by some investigators.
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机译：自从库伦（Coulomb）在1776年发表楔形理论以来，土木工程师就对挡土墙的侧向土压力问题产生了极大的兴趣。随后兰金的塑性理论在1857年发表。在本世纪，这些经典理论与实测值之间的巨大差异许多研究者的实验工作逐渐澄清了地球的压力。 e：Terzaghi（1920，1934），Tshevotallioff等（1953），Rowe和Perker（1965），James and Bransby（1970）和Matsuo等（1978）。因此期待新的理论分析的发展。但是在理论分析中存在一些困难。主要困难是如何表达壁和回填之间边界平面不连续的力学模型。另一个困难是回填材料的应力应变关系表达式。从这个角度出发，提出了一种考虑边界面不连续性并采用各向异性弹塑性模型进行回填的有限元分析方法。并分析了挡土墙问题（由于挡土墙移动方式和回填而引起的土压力）。将计算结果与一些调查人员报告的观测到的土压力进行比较。
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