Laws of the media, their environments and their users: The flip of the artifact, of its ground and its user

摘要

Marshall McLuhan’s Laws of Media (LOM), which describe the evolution of artifacts in terms of enhancement, obsolescence, retrieval and reversal (or flip) are extended to create Laws of Media Environments (LOME) and Laws of Media Users (LOMU). It is shown that the environment or ground in which the figures of the artifacts in the LOM operate and the users of those artifacts undergo respectively a similar evolution of enhancement, obsolescence, retrieval and reversal paralleling McLuhan’s original LOM.