This paper examines some of the most common frameworks available to companies in implementing circular economy strategies, i.e. the Cradle-to-Cradle design protocol, the Material Circularity Indicator and the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment framework intended as a combination of Life Cycle Assessment, Environmental Life Cycle Costing and Social Life Cycle Assessment. We focus on the packaging sector and use the case of closed-loop aluminium can supply to illustrate the benefits and limitations of combining some of these frameworks. Our recommendation is to use the Life Cycle Sustainability Assessment framework to evaluate circularity strategies, since it is the most comprehensive and still operational framework and best at preventing burden shifting between stakeholders in the value chain.
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