Factor reduction and clustering for operational risk in software development

摘要

Software development failures frequently emerge as a result of the failure to understand and to identify risks. The aim of this paper is to identify the most salient risk factors during a software development project lifecycle, in terms of occurrence likelihood and impacts on cost overrun. A questionnaire survey was circulated to 2000 software development companies, IT consultancy and management companies, and web development companies in the UK, USA, Europe, India, China, Japan, Canada, Australia and Asian countries. This asked respondents to evaluate a number of risk factors. However, many factors were closely related and so we apply a factor reduction and clustering process to allow a smaller number of crucial risk factors to be identified. The three main clusters of risk factors identified in this study are ‘feasibility study’, ‘project team management’, and ‘technology requirements’. While ‘feasibility study’ may be unlikely to occur it can have significant impact on outcomes; ‘project team management’ is likely to occur but has relatively little impact on outcomes in comparison to ‘technology requirements’. Professionals will need to carefully check and balance these factors and generate a risk mitigation plan to reduce the severity of the project failures. These results allow them to connect the probability of occurrence and overall impact to focus their scarce resources on reducing the most pertinent risks in their project.