Política energética del Ecuador desarrollada durante el periodo 2007-2013, dentro de la perspectiva de inserción en la integración energética regional: caso de estudio UNASUR

摘要

Energy is considered as an important element to the economic and social development forthe Modern Societies, because it is crucial for generating growth and employment. Theproper use of the energy resources lets to develop different productive sectors, for makingpossible in that way to generate substantial improvements in the lives of the citizens.The signs of several energy agreements, as well as the creation agreement of the ExpertGroup on Energy (EGE), that works with OLADE advice and are responsible for makingan analysis of the South America energy balance, are providing the tools needed to boostthe creation of an energy action plan that involves all members of UNASUR.Other agreements were signed to ensure the defense of the resources of the region, bymaking up an ad-hoc expert group on legal and political matters, which aims to give aconcrete regulatory content for the South America Energy Agreement`s structure. Thisgroup also is going to work with the Expert Group on Energy (EGE), both of these groupshave to report to the South America Energy Council.Some oil companies in South America have conformed a group of national companiesbetween countries of UNASUR, to develop gas production projects, refining oil, etc. Thisgroup maintains those regional agreements under the guidelines of the Energy Council, asin the case of Enarsa of Argentina; Petrobras in Brazil; Ecopetrol of Colombia; YPFB ofBolivia; Petroamazonas and Petroecuador of Ecuador; Petroperu and National Fuel,Alcohol and Portland (Ancap) from Uruguay, among others. It is noteworthy that thePDVSA, Venezuelan State Oil, has been which more has interacted with other statecompanies.This thesis aims to analyze the pattern of energy policy that Ecuador has implementedsince 2007, with the government of President Rafael Correa and the Citizen Revolution,the transformation of the energy matrix; it means to change the actual hydrocarbons patternused by a renewable energy sources pattern. This new pattern is really important to thegrowth and the development; also it could provide the energy sustainability for welfare ofthe people.VIWithin the analysis, where there were compared several policies, programs and projectsimplemented by several countries in the region is remarkable to see the radical change thatEcuador has made to transform its energy sector, with policy changes, institutionalreforms, by creating new administrative entities to control and regulation. Progress andsignificant changes that have been not only consistent with the guidelines established in theSouth American Energy Treaty, also these measures can be taken as a pattern in otherscountries.In this regard it is significant to point out that the Ecuadorian energy policy within its newvision, is aiming toward the generation of a new energy infrastructure through investmentand better distribution of energy resources. Where the supply of energy to reach allcitizens, and of course this new model can be consistent with the integration process,which involves the same two aspects that are complementary: Regulations andInfrastructure