Charging and Discharging of Plug-In Electric Vehicles (PEVs) in Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Systems: A Cyber Insurance-Based Model

摘要

In addition to being environment-friendly, vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems canhelp the plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) users in reducing their energy costsand can also help stabilizing energy demand in the power grid. In V2G systems,since the PEV users need to obtain system information (e.g., locations ofcharging/discharging stations, current load and supply of the power grid) toachieve the best charging and discharging performance, data communication playsa crucial role. However, since the PEV users are highly mobile, informationfrom V2G systems is not always available for many reasons, e.g., wireless linkfailures and cyber attacks. Therefore, in this paper, we introduce a novelconcept using cyber insurance to "transfer" cyber risks, e.g., unavailableinformation, of a PEV user to a third party, e.g., a cyber insurance company.Under the insurance coverage, even without information about V2G systems, a PEVuser is always guaranteed the best price for charging/discharging. Inparticular, we formulate the optimal energy cost problem for the PEV user byadopting a Markov decision process framework. We then propose a learningalgorithm to help the PEV user make optimal decisions, e.g., to charge ordischarge and to buy or not to buy insurance, in an online fashion. Throughsimulations, we show that cyber insurance is an efficient solution not only indealing with cyber risks, but also in maximizing revenue of the PEV user.