The practical construction of scalable quantum computer hardware capable ofexecuting non-trivial quantum algorithms will require the juxtaposition ofdifferent types of quantum systems. We analyze a modular ion trap quantumcomputer architecture with a hierarchy of interactions that can scale to verylarge numbers of qubits. Local entangling quantum gates between qubit memorieswithin a single register are accomplished using natural interactions betweenthe qubits, and entanglement between separate registers is completed via aprobabilistic photonic interface between qubits in different registers, evenover large distances. We show that this architecture can be madefault-tolerant, and demonstrate its viability for fault-tolerant execution ofmodest size quantum circuits.
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