Entwicklung einer Theorie über die wissenschaftlichen Bilder und Anwendung auf die Wahlvorlesung 'Aktiver und passiver Transport durch Membranen'

摘要

Pictures are essential in the communication of scientific knowledge. They are used toudpublish the results of experiments, to introduce students to a scientific topic or toudexplain scientific matters to the public.udWhen discussing pictures, especially in teaching at the university, the contents areudusually the focus of our attention. Despite the increasing use of pictures, their form,udcreation and development are rarely discussed.udIn the first theoretical part of the thesis, these aspects were studied on the basis ofudan extensive literature research, case studies and experiments with students. A theoryudabout scientific pictures was developed in which the subject was examined in threeudchapters. In the first chapter, the influence of formal aspects on the visualization ofudinvisible structures was studied. It was shown how scientific pictures of the invisibleudare created by means of metaphors, models and instruments.udIn the second chapter, the subsequent development of scientific pictures wasudexplored. It was shown how standard pictures in science, so-called canonical icons,udemerge by the process of copying. The transformations of scientific pictures occurringudin the process of their popularization were identified.udIn the third chapter, the influence of the presentation on the contents of scientificudpictures was studied. The differences between simple schematic and complexudnaturalistic pictures were disclosed. Thereby the differences of graphic renditions wereudshown.udThe theory elaborated means to an active reception of pictures. Furthermore, it wasudshown how the scientific, graphical and didactical quality of pictures can be enhancedudand how their use in scientific communication can be improved.udIn the second practical part of the thesis, 11 methods for the preparation of learningudmaterials were derived from the theory. These methods were applied in the revision ofudthe elective course „Aktiver und passiver Transport durch Membranen“ (active andudpassive transport through membranes) in the studies of pharmaceutical sciences at theudUniversity of Basel. A comprehensive review of the topic was prepared. The lectureudwas offered to students of pharmaceutical sciences during the winter semester 2006/07udand subsequently evaluated. The results of the application of the methods and theudevaluation validated the derived methods with reservations. The consideration to useudthese methods for the preparation of other lectures is supported, if learning materialsudof high quality are not yet available.