The effectiveness of a comprehensive schistosomiasis japonica control program implemented in 8 villages along the Yangtze river in Jiangsu province from 2005 to 2008 was studied. Control measures included snail control, chemotherapy of humans and livestock, health education, and transmission cycle interruption using sanitation in dwellings and at anchorage sites for fishermen and sailors. The Schistosoma japonicum prevalence among residents and livestock, the total area of snail habitats, the Oncomelania hupensis snail density, and the percentage of infected snails served as indicators for the effectiveness of the control efforts. After 4 years of program implementation, the seroprevalence in humans had decreased from 9.03% to 3.24% (P>0.001) and the parasitological prevalence among males had decreased from 0.42% to 0.12% (P=0.004). Among females, it remained stable at a low level. The S. japonicum prevalence in livestock had decreased from 2.94% to 0% (P>0.001). Additionally, the area where infected snails could be found had shrunk from 89.99 hectares (ha) to 16.00ha, the snail density had decreased from 0.56 to 0.32 per 0.1m(2), and the percentage of infected snails had dropped from 0.38% to 0.12% (all P>0.001). The results demonstrate that an integrated schistosomiasis japonica control strategy focusing on the main transmission cycles and reservoirs and combines chemotherapy, infrastructure interventions and health education combined with robust surveillance is feasible and allows to effectively control S. japonicum
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