Hierapolis di Frigia. Applicazioni informatiche alle ricognizioni archeologiche e telerilevamento da satellite: l’esempio degli acquedotti della città

摘要

The paper deals with some of the results of the research activities of the IBAM-CNR in the project «Il Mediterraneo antico e medievale come luogo di incontro tra Oriente e Occidente, Nord e Sud», conducted as part of the activities of the Italian Archaeological Mission in Hierapolis of Phrygia (Turkey). During the archaeological surveys in 2004-2007 satellite images with high geometric, radiometric and spectral resolutions, that constituted important tools for the research in the city and in its territory, were used because vertical aerial photos and recent detailed maps are not available. During the surveys some computer applications were also developed, such as a system which is able to facilitate and accelerate the task of positioning and managing the archaeological finds, using a palm-top computer or a Tablet PC integrated with a GPS antenna and a software for archaeological navigation and management of survey records called Ulixes, which is still in the prototype phase. The purpose of the system is to enable the users to navigate employing maps which they have chosen, or, as in the case of Hierapolis, using high resolution satellite images. In the event of an archaeological discovery, it is possible to memorise its position and metadata consisting of a record in which the geographical coordinates band a detailed description of the type of discovery are inserted. Exemplificative of the applied methodologies is the study of the aqueducts which brought water to Hierapolis. During the surveys in the territory around the ancient city three main routes were identified, documented and positioned, from the north, north-east and east, which were 6.3 to 13.5 km long. They consisted of terracotta pipes, in some cases simply buried in the earth, in others laid in hollows carved out of the rock or carved stone supports, next to which there was also, in some cases, an open channel. These aqueducts, built in the Roman period and still in use in the proto-Byzantine age, brought drinking water from springs located immediately below the summit of a plateau to the north of the city. For the study, the reconstruction and the visualization of their routes, DEMs (particularly from Google Earth or based on SRTM data) were also used, on which high resolution satellite images and imported waypoints from the GPS receivers used in the field work were draped.