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First steps in using multi-voxel pattern analysis to disentangle neural processes underlying generalization of spider fear

机译:使用多体素模式分析解开蜘蛛恐惧泛化的神经过程的第一步

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摘要

A core symptom of anxiety disorders is the tendency to interpret ambiguous information as threatening. Using electroencephalography and blood oxygenation level dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD-MRI), several studies have begun to elucidate brain processes involved in fear-related perceptual biases, but thus far mainly found evidence for general hypervigilance in high fearful individuals. Recently, multi-voxel pattern analysis (MVPA) has become popular for decoding cognitive states from distributed patterns of neural activation. Here, we used this technique to assess whether biased fear generalization, characteristic of clinical fear, is already present during the initial perception and categorization of a stimulus, or emerges during the subsequent interpretation of a stimulus. Individuals with low spider fear (n = 20) and high spider fear (n = 18) underwent functional MRI scanning while viewing series of schematic flowers morphing to spiders. In line with previous studies, individuals with high fear of spiders were behaviorally more likely to classify ambiguous morphs as spiders than individuals with low fear of spiders. Univariate analyses of BOLD-MRI data revealed stronger activation toward spider pictures in high fearful individuals compared to low fearful individuals in numerous areas. Yet, neither average activation, nor support vector machine classification (i.e., a form of MVPA) matched the behavioral results – i.e., a biased response toward ambiguous stimuli – in any of the regions of interest. This may point to limitations of the current design, and to challenges associated with classifying emotional and neutral stimuli in groups that differ in their judgment of emotionality. Improvements for future research are suggested.
机译:焦虑症的核心症状是倾向于将歧义信息解释为威胁。使用脑电图和血液氧合水平依赖性磁共振成像(BOLD-MRI),一些研究已经开始阐明与恐惧相关的感知偏差有关的大脑过程,但是到目前为止,主要发现了在高恐惧个体中普遍出现高警觉性的证据。最近,多体素模式分析(MVPA)变得很流行,可以从神经激活的分布式模式中解码认知状态。在这里,我们使用这种技术来评估临床恐惧特征的偏见恐惧泛化是否已经在刺激的最初感知和分类期间已经存在,或者在随后的刺激解释中出现了。低蜘蛛恐惧症(n = 20)和高蜘蛛恐惧症(n = 18)的个体在查看一系列变形成蜘蛛的示意性花朵时进行了功能性MRI扫描。与以前的研究一致,与对蜘蛛的恐惧程度较低的人相比,对蜘蛛的恐惧程度较高的人在行为上更容易将歧义形态分类为蜘蛛。对BOLD-MRI数据的单因素分析显示,与许多地区的低恐惧个体相比,高恐惧个体对蜘蛛照片的激活更强。但是,在任何感兴趣的区域,平均激活和支持向量机分类(即MVPA的一种形式)都没有匹配行为结果,即对歧义刺激的偏向响应。这可能表明当前设计的局限性,以及与将对情绪和中性刺激进行分类的挑战不同的群体所面临的挑战。建议对未来的研究进行改进。

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