Estimation of losses due to the existence of monopolies in urban bus transport in Poland

摘要

The aim of this paper is to present the different approaches to demonopolisationused in Polish and European urban public transport, compare the efficiency of thesemodels which have proven popular in Poland as well as to estimate the total losses incurred due to the high monopolisation of Polish public transport. The methodologyof the research is based on econometric modelling (Stochastic Frontier Analysis) andon a survey conducted by the author among Public Transport Authorities.The author proves that the modern London model (competition for the market) ismore efficient in Polish conditions than the classic German one (communal monopoly).The very popular in Poland combination of the two above formulas – the co-existenceof a Public Transport Authority with a monopolistic publicly owned operator – issurprisingly the least efficient. Total losses due to the existence of monopolies in Polishurban bus transport are estimated for the year 2007 at the level of 10-14% of itstotal budget (ca. 117-149 m EURO/year). In some cities, the losses can be as highas 20-25% of the total remuneration to the public bus operator. In others, publicmonopolists can be as efficient as private operators in the competitive model.