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Emigration of Highly Skilled Labor: Determinants Impacts

机译:高技能劳动力的移民:决定因素和影响

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摘要

This is an additional contribution to the large body of literature developed in the area of economics of skilled labor migration. It focuses on two major objectives that are the determinants of the migration and its likely impacts on developing economies. Within the framework of the new economics of skilled labor migration, this research has attempted to test empirically the relevance of some components of the most recent new economic models of skilled labor migration. Using available data from international organizations (World Bank, OECD, UNESCO…) and others, in both regressions analyzes and economic simulations, hypotheses have been tested and directions of empirical results identified for larger policy discussions. The theoretical models that have been given priority in these empirical investigations are mainly those of Beine & al, Stark (2005) & al, N. Duc Thanh (2004) and M. Schiff (2005). A major focus has been placed on the models suggested by Duc Thanh (2004) where useful specifications of the functional forms were made. This selected framework uses the similarities that have been observed between this model and that of Stark and Schiff.The empirical results that have been obtained confirm the role of relative wages, the availability of better opportunities such as jobs, the importance of the living conditions as well as the existence of more attractive working conditions in destination countries relative to source economies. Concerning the estimation of the impacts of skilled labor migrations for both developed and developing economies, the specifications have followed Beine, Stark and Duc Thanh models with special emphasis placed on this latter. Given the dynamic nature of Beine’s model and with the limits on the available time series, significant empirical results are obtained and tests of Beine’s propositions achieved. The regressions results using the subcomponent of the knowledge economic index have shown significantly the effects of both domestic education and the attractiveness of foreign relative wages as major determinants that support the explanation of the level of knowledge added by the tertiary sector in each economy. In the sense of these estimations, it appears clearly that any economy is under two major opposite effects. On one hand, there is the relative share of investment in education that affects positively the human capital formation in any country but with higher impact in developing economies. On the other hand, there is the magnitude of the relative wages that negatively affect the performance of developing economies as measured by the subcomponent of the knowledge economic index. These results have been first confirmed through regression analysis. These preliminary findings suggest that local, national, regional and international economic policies consider the new theoretical and empirical trends shown so far by these results.
机译:这是对熟练劳动力移民经济学领域大量文献的另一贡献。它着重于两个主要目标,它们是移民的决定因素及其对发展中经济体的可能影响。在技​​术工人移民的新经济学的框架内,本研究试图从经验上检验技术工人移民的最新新经济模型的某些组成部分的相关性。在回归分析和经济模拟中,使用国际组织(世界银行,经合组织,教科文组织……)和其他组织的可用数据,对假设进行了检验,并确定了经验结果的方向,以便进行更大的政策讨论。在这些实证研究中优先考虑的理论模型主要是Beine等人,Stark(2005)和等人N.Duc Thanh(2004)和M. Schiff(2005)的模型。 Duc Thanh(2004)提出的模型已成为主要关注点,其中对功能形式进行了有用的说明。这个选定的框架使用了该模型与Stark和Schiff的模型之间的相似性。已获得的经验结果证实了相对工资的作用,诸如工作等更好机会的提供,生活条件的重要性。以及相对于来源经济体,目的地国存在更具吸引力的工作条件。关于对熟练劳动力的迁移对发达和发展中经济体的影响的估计,这些规范遵循了Beine,Stark和Duc Thanh模型,并特别强调了后者。鉴于Beine模型的动态性质以及可用时间序列的限制,可以获得大量的经验结果,并且可以对Beine的命题进行检验。使用知识经济指数子项的回归结果显着显示了家庭教育和外国相对工资吸引力的影响,这是支持解释每个经济体中第三产业增加的知识水平的主要决定因素。从这些估计的意义上看,显然任何经济都在两个主要相反的作用下。一方面,教育投资中的相对份额对任何国家的人力资本形成都有积极影响,但对发展中经济体的影响更大。另一方面,相对工资的幅度会对知识经济指数的子部分产生不利影响的发展中经济体表现。这些结果已首先通过回归分析得到证实。这些初步发现表明,地方,国家,地区和国际经济政策考虑了这些结果迄今显示出的新的理论和经验趋势。

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