This paper investigates the relationship between leverage and the financial performance of listed firm in Kenya. We use annual data for the period 2002 – 2011. Using various panel procedures, our study finds reasonably strong evidence that leverage significantly, and negatively, affects the profitability of listed firms in Kenya. However, leverage has no effect on Tobin’s Q, our proxy for firm value. Our results are robust to alternative panel specifications and hold for both small-size and large-size firms. Second, because the performance of firms depends on other things than just their capital structure, we control for the effects of those other variables by including them in our models. In this respect, our findings suggest that asset tangibility, sales growth and firm size are important determinants of profitability. Surprisingly, asset tangibility consistently has a negative relationship with profitability. For small firms, our results indicate that sales growth and firm size are important factors driving firm value (Tobin’s Q). Yet, the same variables do not appear to drive the value of large firms.
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