Dental composite materials are evolving continuously with novel Resin Based Composites being at the forefront of dental restorations. The characteristics of these materials need to be such that they are able to withstand both mechanical (masticatory) stress and any chemical activity. The current study investigates the strength and biocompatibility of three Resin Based Composites (RBCs); Ormocer Admira (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany), dimethacrylate FiltekTMZ250 (St Paul, MN, US) and a novel RBC namely X-tra Fil (VOCO, Cuxhaven, Germany). These materials were tested using bi-axial flexure, vickers hardness, water sorption and water solubility tests, but a one-way ANOVA showed no significant difference between their mechanical properties. Cytotoxicity tests were also performed by culturing RBC specimen discs both directly and indirectly with ATCC mouse 3T3 fibroblasts and undifferentiated pulpal fibroblast cells (OD21 cells). These determined that all three materials were cytotoxic to both the cell types, however a one-way ANOVA test showed that there was no significant difference between the materials. This suggests that all the materials exerted a similar cytotoxic effect. Therefore, the current study indicated that the mechanical and cytotoxic properties of X-tra fil are not an improvement but are similar to those materials already available on the market. However, this study provides a good origin for further research into the properties of these materials.
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