Određivanje anatomske lokalizacije pupka uz pomoć matematičkoga modela Determination of an anatomical localization of umbilicus using mathematical model

摘要

Aim: The umbilicus is an essential esthetic landmark on the abdominal wall in women and men. There are only few models published for predicting udexact localization of the umbilicus. The aim of our study was to develop a mathematical model for predicting correct umbilical positioning in a udsample of young women and men and in a sample of middle-aged women. In addition, we wanted to develop a predictive model applicable to both udsexes. We applied our models with distinct anthropometric characteristics such as body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)/hip udcircumference (HC) to further expand our findings. ----- Methods: In this study, 98 Croatian women and men randomly selected from the University of Zagreb and 46 female patients awaiting abdominoplasty udprocedure at our institution were included. Anthropometric data and measurements between the umbilicus and fixed bony points around the anteriorudabdomen were collected. The data collected were body weight (BW), body height (BH), BMI, WC and HC, and waist-hip ratios. All collected data were udsubjected to standard statistical analyses. ----- Results: This study developed 2 different regressive equations for the most accurate prediction of exact umbilical localization. In women, the udbest prediction of the position of the umbilicus was based on the distance from the interanterior hypochondrium line to the umbilicus using the udfollowing regressive equation: u-i-hy = BM x 0.5799 + BH x -0.5051 + BMI x 1.8230 + WHR x -10.6364 + 89.6411. In men, the best prediction of the udposition of the umbilicus was based on the distance from the umbilicus to the interspinous line using the following regressive udequation: u-i-is = age x 0.2033 + BW x 0.6445 + BH x -0.5692 + BMI x -2.2802 + WC x -0.0911 + 101.9408. ----- Conclusion: We found that age and anthropometric dimensions have a significant influence on the position of the umbilicus on the anterior udabdominal wall. The naturally occurring anthropometric variations between women and men made the results of a unique predictive model for udumbilical position inaccurate. We found that using 2 distinct predictive models, 1 for both subgroups of women and 1 for men, generated the udmost accurate predictive results. This quantitative tool should be applied to both women and men for the correct positioning of the udumbilicus in reconstructive and esthetic procedures in which the original umbilical location is affected.