OMS-Ocular Motor Score a clinical method for evaluation and follow-up of ocular motor problems in children

摘要

Background: Eye movements can be a source of valuable information to clinicians. Differentclasses of eye movements, i.e. saccades, smooth pursuit (SP) and vestibular eye movements can bedistinguished on the basis of how they aid vision. They are usually triggered by different welldefined anatomical localisations in the brain and brain stem. The Ocular Motor Score (OMS) is aclinical test protocol which comprises 15 subtests regarding ocular motor functions that areimportant and relevant in clinical practice. The protocol was developed with the aim to create aquantitative measure of a series of combined mostly qualitative assessments today used in theorthoptic clinic in every day practice. In addition, the results of the different subtests will give aspecific profile for each child who displays problems in the static or dynamic section of the test.Aim: The aims of the current studies were to create a reference material for the OMS test protocol,to evaluate OMS according to intrarater and inter-rater agreement and to evaluate the OMS testprotocol outcome in children with specific neuropaediatric disorders.Methods: The OMS test protocol consists of 15 different subtests and are grouped into a static anddynamic section. Since the tests are scored, the overall score from the 15 subtests will give a totalOMS (tOMS) score which then can be used as a comparison in the following up of a child. A lowtOMS score will indicate a normal ocular motor performance, whereas a high score will indicate aserious ocular motor problem.Subjects: Study I included a total of 233 neurological healthy children and young adults referredto the department of paediatric ophthalmology, who were divided into four age groups: 0.5-3, 4-6,7-10 and 11-19. In study II, another 40 children aged 4-10 with and without ocular motordeficiencies were examined. The examinations of the subjects were videotaped to simplify theintrarater agreement procedure and to provide similar conditions for the three raters in the interrater agreement study. Study III involved 13 patients with a mitochondrial disease, Complex Ideficiency and study IV 26 patients with congenital cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV). Bothgroups were included when they came for their ophthalmological examination that formed part of awider multidisciplinary study.Results: The findings from study I demonstrated that ocular motor functions tested in the OMStest protocol develop with age. Study II dealt with correlation and showed a high degree ofagreement among the raters. However, there was less agreement in the saccades, smooth pursuit(SP) and fusion subtests, especially in the subnormal test results. Study III showed differences inocular motor performance of children with Complex I deficiency. They showed dysfunctions of thesaccades, dysmetric SP and pathological optokinetic nystagmus (OKN). In study IV children withcochlear implants due to cCMV more frequently had pathological Vestibular Ocular Reflex(VOR), which fits in with the balance disturbances reported in the same group.Conclusion: The OMS test protocol can be of clinical value as a clinical tool in identifying ocularmotor problems in children with subtle neuropaediatric disorders and can be used to follow upchildren with progressive neuropaediatric disorders.Key words: Ocular Motor Score (OMS), children, normative material, agreement, neuropaediatricdisorders, ocular motor function, eye movements, strabismus